Private companies have advanced this art into a science, with police and intelligence forces routinely buying software tools from private vendors that source data from public APIs to build invasive profiles on targets. Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is the branch of intelligence that relies on searching unclassified data to build a picture of a target.
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Today, I'll teach you to begin searching for emails like an OSINT researcher with the classic tool theHarvester for macOS (or Mac OS X) and Kali Linux. Sometimes, you will only need to learn that particular organization's email formatting to guess what another email account would for a particular user. Some uses of email scraping data include provoking a response from a target, presenting a service, sending a phishing email, or generating a list of employees to pretend to be. There are many reasons for this depending on your goal, whether as targets for technical attacks or as a way to contact the target by email. In many social engineering or recon scenarios, you'll want to find email addresses for a person or members of an organization. TheHarvester is a Python email scraper which does just that by searching open-source data for target email addresses. The problem is no longer whether the right data exists, it's filtering it down to the exact answer you want. Open-source data scraping is an essential reconnaissance tool for government agencies and hackers alike, with big data turning our digital fingerprints into giant neon signs.